John-deere 318 User Manual

316,318 and 420Lawn and GardenTractorsFor complete service information also see: Onan Engines (16,18,20,24 HP) . . . . . . . . . CTM2John Deere Horic

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) 10-2 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors02089510

5. If equipped with differential lock; disassemble shift rodassembly by removing three E-Rings (A) washers (B),springs (C), fork (D), and snap ring (E

NOTE: Later models have oil grooves (E), an oil hole (D)and a thrust washer (F) in carriers.Machines without differential lock have one thrustwasher i

12. Remove and inspect countershaft assembly.Inspect spur gear (A) and bevel gear (B) for worn ordamaged teeth.Inspect countershaft (C) for worn or da

14. Two-speed differential; remove set screw, spring, anddetent ball.M36233 -UN-22NOV89M36234 -UN-22NOV89MX,15905015,9 -19-23FEB95Dif

15. Remove and inspect intermediate shaft assembly; ifequipped with two-speed differential, remove shift rodassembly with intermediate shaft.Inspect i

18. Remove and inspect output shaft assembly.Inspect output gear (C) for worn or damaged teeth.Inspect output shaft (B) for wear on splined surfaces.N

20. Inspect differential case and cover for wear, cracksor damage. Replace case and/or cover if necessary.Inspect case and cover bearing surfaces of o

22. Replace bearings if necessary.Removal or Side Driven Pilot DriverBearing Installation From Size SizeOutput Pinion Bearing Remove Outside 1-1/4 in.

ASSEMBLE DIFFERENTIALNOTE: This assembly procedure is for the One-SpeedDifferential (316 and 318) and the Two-SpeedDifferential with Differential Lock

5. Assemble gear (C) and shaft (B).6. Install output shaft assembly through tabbed thrustwasher (A).One-Speed DifferentialTwo-Speed DifferentialM77336

RECOGNIZE SAFETY INFORMATIONThis is the safety-alert symbol. When you see thissymbol on your machine or in this manual, be alert tothe potential for p

8. Assemble gears (B and C) and shaft (D).9. Install intermediate shaft assembly through tabbedthrust washer (A); if equipped with two-speed, install

11. Assemble gears (A and B) and shaft (C).12. Install countershaft assembly through spacer (D),thrust bearing (F) and thrust washers (E).A—Spur GearB

NOTE: Early model with differential lock shown.13. If removed, install collar (with differential lock) andbearings on carriers (F) using a driver set

19. Install differential; if equipped with differential lock,install shift rod assembly with differential.Without Differential LockWith Differential L

NOTE: Early models have FLAT thrust washers. Latermodels have TABBED thrust washers. All serviceor replacement thrust washers will have the tabs.IMPOR

IMPORTANT: If replacement gasket is made of rubbercoated laminated metal, clean matingsurfaces of differential case and coverand install gasket. Do no

Differential/AssembleTM1590 (17MAY95) 50-15-20 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895501520

OTHER MATERIALNumber Name UseM79292 MPG-2® Multi-Purpose Polymer Prevents parts from seizing. ApplyGrease to axle shafts.LOCTITE® PRODUCTSU.S./Canadia

8. Disconnect spring (A).9. Remove nut (B), plate or washer (D) and spring (C).A—Return SpringB—NutC—SpringD—Plate (Early Models) —Washer (Later Model

13. Inspect bearing (A), replace if necessary.IMPORTANT: Be sure to hold shaft while removingbearing.14. Remove bearing using a bearing puller (B) and

HANDLE FLUIDS SAFELY—AVOID FIRESWhen you work around fuel, do not smoke or work nearheaters or other fire hazards.Store flammable fluids away from fir

INSTALL AXLEIMPORTANT: Always use new seals. Damaged orused parts will leak.NOTE: Lubricate all seals with petroleum jelly duringassembly.1. Install n

5. Install bearing (A) on axle shaft using a bearing puller(B) and a press. Push bearing tight against axle shaftshoulder.M31952 -UN-25AUG886.

9. Clean the threads of all four brake plate cap screwsand threaded axle housing using Clean and Cure Primer.10. Apply thread lock and sealer (medium

16. Lock brake pedals together (318 and 420) and applypark brake.17. Loosen lock nut (A).18. Turn nut until spring is 42 mm (1.650 in.) long.Tighten l

Rear Axles/InstallTM1590 (17MAY95) 50-20-8 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors02089550208

OTHER MATERIALNumber Name UseM79292 MPG-2® Multi-Purpose Polymer Prevents parts from seizing. ApplyGrease to splines of transmission inputshaft.®MPG-2

REMOVE AND INSTALL DRIVE SHAFT—318AND 4201. Disconnect battery negative (—) cable.2. Remove right-hand engine side panel.3. Remove belly screen/pan.NO

NCAUTION: To avoid injury from escaping fluidunder pressure, stop engine and relieve thepressure in the system before disconnecting orconnecting hydra

2. Remove four snap rings (A).M43748 -UN-12JAN903. Remove cross and bearing assembly using soft metalrod. Push bearing down until it can be re

2. Install cross in splined yoke with grease fitting towardsplined yoke (A).3. Install bearing with soft metal rod and press orsoft-faced hammer. Push

PREVENT ACID BURNSSulfuric acid in battery electrolyte is poisonous. It isstrong enough to burn skin, eat holes in clothing, andcause blindness if spl

Drive Shaft/AssembleTM1590 (17MAY95) 50-25-6 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors02089550256

Section 60STEERING AND BRAKE REPAIRContentsPageGroup 05—Steering—316Special or Essential Tools . . . . . . . . . . . 60-05-1Service Parts Kits . .

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) 60-2 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors02089560

SPECIAL OR ESSENTIAL TOOLSNOTE: Order tools according to information given in theU.S. SERVICE-GARD™ Catalog or in theEuropean Microfiche Tool Catalog

REMOVE AND INSTALL STEERINGGEARBOX AND SHAFT1. Remove drive shaft. (See procedure in Section 50,Group 25.)2. Remove engine side panels, battery and ba

7. Remove bracket mounting cap screw.M33939 -UN-03OCT898. Remove clip and disconnect brake neutral returnlinkage.M33940 -UN-03OCT899.

11. Remove safety wire and spring pin to remove brakearm (A), washer (B) and bushing (C).M33958 -UN-03OCT8912. Remove left side of pedestal.13

16. Remove brake arm (A), washer (B) and bushing (C).M33963 -UN-03OCT8917. Remove three cap screws (A) from gearboxmounting plate.M77339

20. Inspect steering shaft bushings for wear or damage.Replace if necessary.21. Remove bushings using a pilot bearing puller.22. Installation is done

6. Put gearbox in a vise.7. Remove three side cover cap screws.M33969 -UN-03OCT89NOTE: If replacing side cover gasket only, it is notnecessary

HANDLE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS SAFELYDirect exposure to hazardous chemicals can causeserious injury. Potentially hazardous chemicals used withJohn Deere equ

10. Remove preload adjuster and shim, if equipped, fromside cover.M33972 -UN-03OCT8911. Remove worm bearing adjuster lock nut using apunch and

14. Pry out lower bearing retainer using a screwdriver.15. Remove lower worm bearing cone.M33976 -UN-03OCT89NOTE: Bearing cup is press-fit in

19. Remove ball guide screw and clamp.M33980 -UN-03OCT8920. Remove ball guides (A), balls (B) and ball nut (D)from worm shaft (C).NOTE: Ball n

22. Remove pitman shaft and worm shaft seals fromgearbox housing.Pitman Shaft SealWorm Shaft SealM34019 -UN-03OCT89M34020 -UN-03OCT89N

NOTE: A steering gearlash adjustment shim is availablethrough the parts catalog.27. Check preload adjuster (A) end clearance with afeeler gauge as sho

3. Install new pitman shaft and worm shaft seals intogearbox housing using drivers from JDG457 SteeringGear Service Set.4. Apply multipurpose grease t

6. Insert ball guide half into ball nut (C) as shown.7. Fill circuit with 27 balls (A) and install other half of ballguide (B).8. Repeat procedures on

IMPORTANT: Tape splined end of worm shaft toprevent seal damage during shaftinstallation.12. Apply tape around splined end of worm shaft.13. Install b

22. Assemble pitman shaft (A) with preload adjuster (B)and shim (C), if equipped.23. Install side cover (D) onto shaft with preloadadjuster.24. Turn p

• Carefully turn worm shaft all the way to end of travel,then turn back one-half turn.M34003 -UN-03OCT89NOTE: Due to tolerances, some 11/16 in

PREPARE MACHINE FOR REPAIR1. Move hydrostatic control lever to STOP position.2. Disengage PTO’s3. Lower all equipment to the ground.4. Engage park bra

31. Adjust over center preload:• Back off preload adjuster until it stops, then turn it inone full turn.• Center gear travel by rotating shaft.• Check

OTHER MATERIALNumber Name UseLOCTITE® PRODUCTSU.S./Canadian/LOCTITE No.TY6305/TY9485/764 Clean and Cure Primer Cleans parts and speeds cure ofsealant.

REMOVE AND INSTALL STEERING VALVEAND COLUMNNOTE: Removal and installation procedures for latermodels may vary slightly.1. Remove fender deck.2. Remove

11. Remove steering unit from bottom of machine.12. Make repairs as necessary. (See procedure in thisgroup.)13. Installation is done in the revese ord

4. Four-port and early five-port; Loosen plug one turn.M77338 -UN-21FEB95IMPORTANT: Do not damage fittings during nutremoval. Do not nick or s

NOTE: Four-port not shown. Unit is similar to earlyfive-port.7. Remove seal ring and O-rings (A).8. Inspect port cover for scratches on machined surfa

NOTE: Port manifold has three springs which may comeloose during disassembly.10. Carefully remove port manifold (three plates bondedtogether).IMPORTAN

15. Remove valve plate. Inspect the slots and groundsurfaces for nicks or wear. If the valve plate is scored orthe edges are not sharp, the valve plat

21. Remove metering ring and upper and lower seals(A). If the bore (B) is scored, the metering ring must bereplaced.M36843 -UN-29AUG88IMPORTAN

IMPORTANT: DO NOT use a screwdriver to removecommutator. Commutator can bedamaged.27. Remove commutator and five pins (A) using a wooddowel or equival

WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHINGWear close fitting clothing and safety equipmentappropriate to the job.Prolonged exposure to loud noise can cause impairmentor

32. Lift the rotor and stator from the drive plate.33. Check the drive plate side of the rotor assembly fornicks, grooves, or scoring. A spiral patter

36. Remove upper cover plate (four plates bondedtogether).37. Check plate surface for grooves, dents, or metalflakes. A polished pattern due to the ac

43. Remove nuts holding the four bolts to the fixture,and remove the bolts.44. Inspect bolts for wear or damage. Replace ifnecessary.M36858 -U

6. Install steering tube (A) on bolts. Be sure the squareholes in the steering tube are seated on the squareshoulders of the bolts.7. Apply multipurpo

12. Apply multipurpose grease on the face of the uppercover plate, steering shaft end and thrust bearing (B).NOTE: Wide shoulder of spacer (A) faces u

19. Install commutator (A) on rotor, with long grooves (B)upward.IMPORTANT: Pins must be installed below thesurface of the commutator to preventcommut

IMPORTANT: The following procedure must be usedto minimize an out-of-round conditionbetween commutator ring and driveplate. The commutator ring isself

29. Remove Shims and metering assembly frommetering ring.30. Install THICK end of drive link into the slot in therotor. Hold the drive link and rotate

35. Apply petroleum jelly on new commutator seal (A)and seal ring (B).36. Install new commutator seal with yellow mark (C) ornarrow edge, down into co

IMPORTANT: Valve plate must be installed with“PORT SIDE” (A) directly opposite (12o’clock position) from alignment groves(B) for proper operation. Val

WORK IN VENTILATED AREAEngine exhaust fumes can cause sickness or death. If itis necessary to run an engine in an enclosed area,remove the exhaust fum

48. Four-port and early five-port; Install new O-ring (B)on plug (A). Install check ball (C). Be sure check ball isseated in bottom of hole. Install p

53. Four-port and early five-port; Tighten plug (A) to 14N·m (124 lb-in.).54. Remove steering valve from fixture.M43844 -UN-08JAN90MX,15906006

REMOVE AND INSTALL STEERINGCYLINDERNCAUTION: Escaping fluid under pressure canpenetrate the skin causing serious injury.Avoid the hazard by relieving

OTHER MATERIALNumber Name UseM79292 MPG-2® Multi-Purpose Polymer Prevents parts from seizing. ApplyGrease to axle shafts.LOCTITE® PRODUCTSU.S./Canadia

REMOVE BRAKESNCAUTION: Avoid breathing dust that may begenerated when handling componentscontaining asbestos fibers. Inhaled asbestosfibers may cause

7. Inspect lining on brake shoes (A) for wear or oilcontamination. Replace shoes if worn. Inspect axle oilseal if shoes are oily.8. Inspect return spr

13. Bend lock plate tabs (A) flat. Remove two capscrews (B).14. Remove four cap screws and washers to removebrake plate assembly.15. Remove brake arm

INSTALL BRAKES1. Install brake support (A) on brake arm (B).2. Install brake arm in brake plate (C).3 Clean the threads of all four brake plate cap sc

8. Install spring (C), plate or washer (D) and nut (B).9. Connect return spring (A).A—Return SpringB—NutC—SpringD—Plate (Early Models) —Washer (Later

14. Apply MPG-2® Multi-Purpose Polymer Grease to axleshaft.15. Install key and brake drum.16. Install washer and nut. Tighten nut to specifications.17

REMOVE PAINT BEFORE WELDING ORHEATINGAvoid potentially toxic fumes and dust.Hazardous fumes can be generated when paint isheated by welding, soldering

6. Lock brake pedals together (318 and 420) and applyparking brake.7. Check length of spring on both sides of machine.Spring should be approximately 4

A—Neutral Return Cam Plate F—Brake Pedal I—Bracket L—Neutral Return ArmB—Spacer G—Neutral Return Link J—Neutral Return Shaft M—Neutral Return SlidingC

A—Strap (2 used) G—Left-Hand Brake Arm L—Bracket Q—Clamp-On NutB—Spacer H—Bearing (4 used) M—Neutral Return Link R—Speed Control Arm (2C—Bushing (2 us

A—Washer (2 used) F—Left-Hand Brake Arm K—Bracket P—Clamp-On nutB—Spring G—Bearing (4 used) L—Neutral Return Link Q—Speed Control Arm (2C—Bushings H—P

7. Install all parts.8. Connect brake rods to brake pedal.9. Install spring (C), plate or washer (D) and nut (B).10. Connect return spring (A).A—Retur

INSPECT AND REPAIR BRAKE PEDALSAND NEUTRAL RETURN LINKAGE—3181. Remove belly screen and fender deck.NOTE: Disconnect brake rods from both sides ofmach

A—Neutral Return Cam Plate F—Plate K—Left Brake Pedal P—Lock Wire and Spring PinB—Spacer G—Strap L—Neutral Return Link Q—Left-Hand Brake ArmC—Eccentri

A—Neutral Return Cam Plate E—Lock Wire and Spring Pin J—Support O—Neutral Return LinkB—Spacer F—Neutral Return Arm K—Right Pedal Pad P—Neutral Return

A—Strap (2 used) H—Neutral Return Arm O—Left Brake Pedal U—Lock Wire and Spring PinB—Spacer I—Left Pedal Pad P—Neutral Return Link V—Clamp-On NutC—Bus

A—Washer (2 used) G—Neutral Return Arm N—Left Brake Pedal T—Lock Wire and Spring PinB—Spring H—Left Pedal Pad O—Neutral Return Link U—Clamp-On NutC—Bu

SERVICE TIRES SAFELYExplosive separation of a tire and rim parts can causeserious injury or death.Do not attempt to mount a tire unless you have thepr

7. Install all parts.8. Connect brake rods to brake pedal.9. Install spring (C), plate or washer (D) and nut (B).10. Connect return spring (A).A—Retur

INSPECT AND REPAIR BRAKE PEDALSAND NEUTRAL RETURN LINKAGE—4201. Remove belly pan and fender deck.NOTE: Disconnect brake rods from both sides ofmachine

A—Neutral Return Cam Plate F—Strap K—Left Brake Pedal P—Lock Wire and Spring PinB—Spacer G—Support L—Neutral Return Link Q—Left-Hand Brake ArmC—J-Bolt

A—Strap (2 used) H—Strap O—Neutral Return Shaft T—Left-Hand Brake ArmB—Spacer I—Support (Short) U—Clamp-On NutC—Bushing (2 used) J—Right Pedal Pad P—B

A—Washer (2 used) H—Support O—Bearing (4 used) T—Clamp-On NutB—Spring I—Right Pedal Pad P—Neutral Return Shaft U—Speed Control Arm (2C—Bushings J—Righ

7. Install all parts.8. Connect brake rods to brake pedal.9. Install spring (C), plate or washer (D) and nut (B).10. Connect return spring (A).A—Retur

INSPECT AND REPAIR PARK BRAKELEVER1. Remove belly screen/pan.2. Inspect all parts for wear or damage. Replace asnecessary.A—KnobB—Lock WasherC—WasherD

Section 70HYDRAULIC REPAIRContentsPageGroup 05—Hydraulic Control ValveOther Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-05-1Service Parts Kits

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) 70-2 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors02089570

OTHER MATERIALNumber Name UseM79292 MPG-2® Multi-Purpose Polymer Prevents parts from seizing. ApplyGrease to spool springs and end capcavities.LOCTITE

SECTION 10—GENERAL INFORMATIONGroup 05—SafetyGroup 10—General SpecificationsGroup 15—Repair SpecificationsGroup 20—Test and Adjustment SpecificationsG

PRACTICE SAFE MAINTENANCEUnderstand service procedure before doing work. Keeparea clean and dry.Never lubricate, service, or adjust machine while it i

REMOVE AND INSTALL HYDRAULICCONTROL VALVE—316 AND 318NCAUTION: Escaping fluid under pressure canpenetrate the skin causing serious injury.Avoid the ha

7. Remove cotter pin(s) (A) from draft pin(s) (B).Disconnect control linkage.316 ShownM55071 -UN-09DEC898. Remove two mounting bolts (B) and c

REMOVE AND INSTALL HYDRAULICCONTROL VALVE—420NCAUTION: Escaping fluid under pressure canpenetrate the skin causing serious injury.Avoid the hazard by

DISASSEMBLE, INSPECT AND ASSEMBLE HYDRAULIC CONTROLVALVE—SINGLE-SPOOLA—Spool E—Spring H—Cap K—O-RingB—Body F—Spring Retainer I—Screw (2 used) L—Spring

DISASSEMBLE, INSPECT AND ASSEMBLE HYDRAULIC CONTROL VALVE—TWO-SPOOLA—Check Valve Plug (2 F—Float Detent Spool L—Detent R—Snap Ringused) G—Body M—Sprin

A—Check Valve Plug (2 F—O-Ring (4 used) L—Detent R—Capused) G—Float Detent Spool M—Ball (3 used) S—Snap RingB—O-Ring (2 used) H—Body N—Spring T—Spacer

A—Check Valve Plug (2 F—O-Ring (4 used) L—Ball (2 used) P—Capused) G—Washers M—Spring (2 used) Q—ScrewB—O-Ring (2 used) H—Spring N—Plug (2 used) R—Spa

DISASSEMBLE, INSPECT AND ASSEMBLE HYDRAULIC CONTROLVALVE—THREE-SPOOLA—Check Valve Plug (3 F—Cap M—Bushing (3 used) T—Plug (2 used, Versionused) G—Shim

A—Check Valve Plug (3 F—O-Ring (6 used) K—Cap (2 used) O—Ball (2 used)used) G—Washer (4 used) L—Screw and Washer (6 P—CapB—O-Ring (3 used) H—Spring (2

Section 80MISCELLANEOUS REPAIRContentsPageGroup 05—Front AxleSpecial or Essential Tools . . . . . . . . . . . 80-05-1Front Axle—316 and 318Remove a

DISPOSE OF WASTE PROPERLYImproperly disposing of waste can threaten theenvironment and ecology. Potentially harmful waste usedwith John Deere equipmen

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) 80-2 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors02089580

SPECIAL OR ESSENTIAL TOOLSNOTE: Order tools according to information given in theU.S. SERVICE-GARD™ Catalog or in theEuropean Microfiche Tool Catalog

6. Place a floor jack under center of axle.7. Remove cotter pin from pivot bolt.8. Remove pivot bolt nut and remove bolt through axle(towards rear). R

5. Loosen axle deflector adjustment bolts and turn in toallow maximum clearance.M31970 -UN-03AUG896. Remove front grille.7. Remove two nuts (A

10. Remove snap ring from drive pulley.11. Remove drive pulley from PTO shaft.M31994 -UN-03AUG8912. Remove two pivot pin retaining nuts (A).M3

2. Push PTO shaft (A) and bearing (B) from pivot pinusing a press.M36803 -UN-25JAN903. Inspect PTO shaft bearing (A) for wear or damage.Replac

ASSEMBLE PIVOT PIN—4201. Support pivot pin on a press. Put a driver disk (A) onbearing (B). Install bearing using a press until diskbottoms on pivot p

4. Support pivot pin on a press. Install PTO shaftassembly into pivot pin.5. Put JDM8-3 Installation Sleeve (A) or a piece of pipeover PTO shaft. Put

4. Slide drive pulley onto PTO shaft.5. Install snap ring in PTO shaft groove.6. Install belts on lower drive sheave and work ontoupper sheave.M31994

10. Connect steering cylinder to spindle.11. Install bolt and nut through steering arm andcylinder.12. Install cotter pin, if equipped, in steering ar

SafetyTM1590 (17MAY95) 10-05-12 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895100512

6. Disconnect both tie rod ends and remove tie rod.M32068 -UN-03AUG897. Put an alignment mark across top of steering arm andleft spindle to ai

10. Remove snap ring from top of right spindle.11. Slide right spindle down out of axle to remove.12. Inspect spindles for wear or damage. Replace ifn

INSPECT AND REPLACE WHEEL BEARINGS1. Remove front wheels.2. The front wheels are equipped with sealed rollerbearings in both the front and rear of hub

4. Loosen jam nuts and adjust tie rod to lengthen orshorten distance.IMPORTANT: Make sure there is free movement ofball joints after tightening jam nu

Front Axle/Adjust Toe-inTM1590 (17MAY95) 80-05-14 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895800514

SERVICE MOWER BLADE SPINDLES—38(EARLY), 46 AND 50-INCH MOWERNOTE: On 50-Inch, Three-Point Hitch Mowers; somespindles may have a grease zerk in the top

SERVICE MOWER BLADESPINDLES—EARLY 60-INCH AND 260ROTARY MOWERIf, for any reason the spindle must be disassembled, besure to lubricate and torque parts

SERVICE MOWER BLADESPINDLES—LATER 60-INCH AND 260ROTARY MOWERIf, for any reason the spindle must be disassembled, besure to lubricate and torque parts

SERVICE MOWER BLADE JACKSHEAVES—46 AND 50-INCH MOWERMower blade jack sheaves normally require no lubricationor service. If, for any reason the jack sh

OTHER MATERIALNumber Name UseLOCTITE® PRODUCTSU.S./Canadian/LOCTITE No.TY6305/TY9485/764 Clean and Cure Primer Cleans parts and speeds cure ofsealant.

MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS 316 318 420ENGINEManufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Onan . . . . . . . . . . . . Onan . . . . . . .

2. Remove four cap screws (A) and input shaftassembly.3. Remove lock nut (B), washer (C) and bevel gear (E)and bearing from shaft.NOTE: Bearing cone i

7. Press on threaded end of input shaft (C) to removeseal (A) and input shaft assembly from pillow block (I).NOTE: Bearing cone is press-fit on input

12. Remove vent plug (A) and adapter (B) from gearcase (C).13. Remove four cap screws (D). Remove retainer (L)and output shaft assembly (M).14. Remove

NOTE: Bearing cones are press-fit on output shaft.Remove bearings only if replacement isnecessary.Bearing cones and cups are matched and mustbe replac

ASSEMBLE MOWER GEAR CASE—50-INCHMOWERIMPORTANT: Always use new seals and O-rings.Damaged or used parts will leak.NOTE: Lubricate all O-rings with petr

5. Install new bearing cup (F), if removed, using a driverset.6. Press plug (E) into gear case (C) with lip facing awayfrom gear case. Install plug un

16. Install snap ring (F).17. Install new bearing cups (G and H), if removed,using a driver set. Press into pillow block (I) until seatedagainst snap

25. Install shims (F) on bevel gear (E).26. Press bearing cone (D) on bevel gear (E) with smallO.D. facing away from bevel gear. Install bearing until

DISASSEMBLE AND INSPECT MOWERGEAR CASE—EARLY 60-INCH MOWER(CURTIS)1. Remove drain plugs (A and B) and drain oil from gearcase.2. Scribe an alignment m

3. Remove four cap screws and lock plates (A).4. Remove cap (B) and input shaft assembly from gearcase (C).5. Remove shims (D) and input shaft assembl

316 318 420ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, continuedBattery Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BCI Group 22F . . . . . . BCI Group 22F . . . .

13. Remove four cap screws and lock plates (A).14. Remove cap (B) and output shaft assembly fromgear case (C).15. Remove shims (D) and output shaft as

23. Remove vent plug (A) and adapter (B).NOTE: Bearing cups are press-fit in gear case. Removebearing cups only if replacement is necessary.Bearing cu

ASSEMBLE MOWER GEAR CASE—EARLY60-INCH MOWER (CURTIS)IMPORTANT: Always use new seals. Damaged orused seals will leak.NOTE: Apply clean gear case oil on

4. Install key (L) and bevel gear (J), shoulder end first,onto shaft (H).5. Align holes in bevel gear and shaft and install springpin (I).6. Press bea

IMPORTANT: Tape end of output shaft to preventseal damage during shaft installation.11. Apply tape around end of output shaft.12. Assemble output shaf

19. Install key (L) and bevel gear (J), shoulder end first,onto shaft (H).20. Align holes in bevel gear and shaft and install springpin (I).21. Press

IMPORTANT: Tape end of input shaft to prevent sealdamage during shaft installation.26. Apply tape around end of input shaft.27. Assemble input shaft a

DISASSEMBLE AND INSPECT MOWERGEAR CASE—LATER 60-INCH MOWER(PEERLESS)1. Remove drain plugs (A and B) and drain oil from gearcase.M77311 -UN-24F

7. Press on threaded end of input shaft (C) to removeseal (A) and input shaft assembly from pillow block (H).NOTE: Bearing cone is press-fit on input

12. Remove vent plug (A) from retainer (G).13. Remove four cap screws (B). Remove retainer (G)and output shaft assembly (K) by tapping on end of shaft

316 318 420PTOFront . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standard . . . . . . . . . . Standard . . . . . . . . . . StandardRear

NOTE: Bearing cones are press-fit on output shaft.Remove bearings only if replacement isnecessary.Bearing cones and cups are matched and mustbe replac

ASSEMBLE MOWER GEAR CASE—LATER60-INCH MOWER (PEERLESS)IMPORTANT: Always use new seals and O-rings.Damaged or used parts will leak.NOTE: Lubricate all

6. Install new bearing cup (I), if removed, into gear case(J) using a driver set.7. Press new seal (H) into gear case (J) until top of sealis recessed

15. Install new bearing cups (F and G), if removed,using a driver set. Press into pillow block (H) until seatedagainst housing.16. Install snap ring (

23. Install shim (F) on bevel gear (E).24. Press bearing cone (D) on bevel gear (E) with smallO.D. facing away from bevel gear. Install bearing until

DISASSEMBLE AND INSPECT MOWERGEAR CASE—260 ROTARY MOWER1. Remove drain plugs (A and B) and drain oil from gearcase.M77323 -UN-24FEB95MX,159080

2. Remove four cap screws (A).3. Remove output shaft assembly and housing from gearcase (B).4. Remove shims (C).5. Punch a hole in seal (D) and pry ou

13. Remove bearing cone (A) from shaft (B) using aknife-edge puller and a press.14. Remove c-ring (C), locking collar (D), bevel gear (E)and key (F).1

16. Remove four cap screws (A).17. Remove input shaft assembly (B) from gear case(C).18. Remove four cap screws (D), end cap (E) and shims(F).19. Remo

22. Remove input shaft assembly from cap (A).23. Remove shims (B).24. Remove seal (C) using a punch and hammer.NOTE: Bearing cup is press-fit in cap.

General Specifications/Machine SpecificationsTM1590 (17MAY95) 10-10-4 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors02089510104

ASSEMBLE MOWER GEAR CASE—260ROTARY MOWERIMPORTANT: Always use new seals. Damaged orused seals will leak.NOTE: Apply clean gear case oil on all interna

11. Install new bearing cup (G), if removed, into end cap(E) using a driver set.12. Install shims (F) onto end cap (E).13. Clean mating surfaces of ca

22. Install key (F) and bevel gear (E) on shaft (B). Installbevel gear with shoulder end toward threaded end ofshaft.23. Install locking collar (D) wi

25. Install new bearing cups (K and J), if removed, intohousing (L) using a driver set.26. Install output shaft assembly (I) into housing (L).27. Slid

40. AFTER installing gear case on mower deck, fill gearcase to proper level with John Deere API GL-5 Gear Oil.41. Install plugs (A and B).M77323

Section 220ENGINE, FUEL AND AIR SYSTEMCHECKOUT AND DIAGNOSISContentsPageGroup 05—Engine, Fuel and Air SystemCheckoutBefore You Start . . . . . . . .

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) 220-2 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895220

BEFORE YOU STARTAlways begin with this group to identify a failure inthe engine, fuel or air system. The step-by-stepprocedures will provide you with

Å ENGINE STARTCHECKOperator on seat.Put hydrostatic controllever in N/STOPposition.Put PTO lever in OFFposition.Pull choke knob all theway out.Depres

7a Engine UnderNo-LoadM55061 -UN-09DEC89Start engine.Move throttle lever from slow idle to fast idle.LISTEN: Engine must accelerate smoothly,

REPAIR SPECIFICATIONSItem SpecificationsENGINEFor all repair specifications—Use CTM2Engine Mounting Cap Screw/Nut Torque 316 . . . . . . . . . . . .

Engine, Fuel and Air System Checkout/Operator Complaint Not IdentifiedTM1590 (17MAY95) 220-05-4 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors0208952200

ABOUT THIS GROUPAlways perform the system checkout procedures inGroup 05 BEFORE making any tests or adjustmentsin this group. The step-by-step procedu

A ENGINE WILL NOT START OR STARTS HARD• Test spark plugs: GO TO ‘• Test fuel filter: GO TO Ú• Adjust choke cable: GO TO Å• Adjust throttle cable: GO T

C ENGINE MISSES• Test spark plugs: GO TO ‘• Test fuel filter: GO TO Ú• Adjust choke cable: GO TO Å• Adjust carburetor: GO TO Ö• Adjust timing—B43E (31

E ENGINE DOES NOT DEVELOP FULL POWER• Adjust throttle cable: GO TO Æ• Adjust choke cable: GO TO Å• Adjust governor linkage: GO TO Ò• Adjust carburetor

G ENGINE OVERHEATS• Check muffler for restriction or plugged condition.• Adjust carburetor: GO TO Ö• Adjust governor linkage: TO TO Ò• Check engine oi

J ENGINE SMOKES EXCESSIVELY AND USES TOO MUCH OIL• Test crankcase vacuum: GO TO 1Ô• Inspect crankcase breather: See Engine CTM2.• Test compression pre

Å CHOKE CABLEADJUSTMENTRemove air filter.4a Early ModelsPull choke knob outand then push knob in.LOOK: Choke platemust be completelyclosed, then com

M37098 -UN-29AUG88NCAUTION: ENGINEWILL BE HOT. BECAREFUL NOT TOBURN HANDS.Turn low speed stopscrew (A)counterclockwise untilthrottle stop scre

Ò GOVERNORLINKAGEADJUSTMENTM37441 -UN-25JAN90NOTE: “B-Series”Engine Shown.Disconnect throttle rod(A) from governor arm(B).Push throttle rod a

Item SpecificationsSTEERING AND BRAKESSteering—316 Gearbox Mounting Cap Screw Torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

M37457 -UN-25JAN90IMPORTANT: DO NOT hold dashpot using apliers. Dashpot can be damaged.If adjustment is necessary, loosen lock nut (A).Turn da

1Ô CRANKCASEVACUUM TESTRemove dipstick.Put plug (A) in dipstick hole.IMPORTANT: Do not hook up restof Test Kit until engine is runningor fluid in Man

1@ COMPRESSIONPRESSURE TESTStart and run engineapproximately fiveminutes at fast idle, tobring it to normaloperating temperature.Stop engine.M55108

NOT OK: GO TO 1$1$ OIL PRESSUREREGULATINGVALVE CHECKRemove air cleanerbase.Move air cleanerbracket until oilpressure regulatingvalve cap screw can be

Diagnosis, Tests and Adjustments/Throttle Lever AdjustmentTM1590 (17MAY95) 220-10-14 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors0208952201014

Section 240ELECTRICAL CHECKOUT, OPERATIONAND DIAGNOSISContentsPageGroup 05—Electrical System CheckoutBefore You Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) 240-2 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895240

BEFORE YOU STARTAlways begin with this group to identify a failure inthe electrical system. The step-by-step procedures willprovide you with a quick c

1a DASH LAMPS DONOT OPERATEKey switch OFF.NOTE:A—20-Amp FuseB—2-Amp FuseC—20-Amp FuseD—3-Amp FuseM55140 -UN-13APR95M77926 -UN-12APR95

Å PTO CLUTCH ANDLAMP CHECKSit on seat.PTO switch OFF.Turn key switch to RUNposition.M55019 -UN-09DEC89M36492 -UN-29JAN90Move PTO swit

Item SpecificationsMISCELLANEOUSFront Axle PTO Belt Tension Spring Length (420) Horizontal Adjuster (Early) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ò TRANSMISSIONNEUTRAL STARTCHECKM55018 -UN-09DEC89PTO switch OFF.Later Models; Depressbrake pedal(s).Pull hydrostatic leveraway from N/STOPsw

Ü SEAT SWITCHCHECK FORIGNITIONM55018 -UN-09DEC89PTO switch OFF.Sit on seat.Later Models; Depress brake pedal(s).Hydrostatic lever in N/STOP p

1@ OPERATORCOMPLAINT NOTIDENTIFIEDIf you completed thecheckout procedure anddid not isolate amalfunction, theproblem may beintermittent.Try to duplic

Group 10Electrical SchematicsTM1590 (17MAY95) 240-10-1 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895240101

316, 318 AND 420 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC—SINGLE PTOA1—TDC Module M2—Starter Motor: X5—Rear PTO Harness 3-Pin X17—Headlight HarnessA2—Ignition Module 316

TM1590 (MAY-95)316, 318, AND 420 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC5/14/98240-10-3316, 318, AND 420 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC — SINGLE PTO

TM1590 (MAY-95)316, 318, AND 420 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC5/14/98240-10-3316, 318, AND 420 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC — SINGLE PTO

TM1590 (MAY-95)316, 318, AND 420 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC5/14/98240-10-3316, 318, AND 420 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC — SINGLE PTO

316, 318, AND 420 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATICTM1590 (MAY-95)240-10-45/14/98316, 318, AND 420 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC — DUAL PTO

316, 318, AND 420 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATICTM1590 (MAY-95)240-10-45/14/98316, 318, AND 420 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC — DUAL PTO

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) ii 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors02089510204050607080220240250

METRIC BOLT AND CAP SCREW TORQUE VALUESClass 4.8 Class 8.8 or 9.8 Class 10.9 Class 12.9Size LubricatedaDryaLubricatedaDryaLubricatedaDryaLubricatedaDr

316, 318, AND 420 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATICTM1590 (MAY-95)240-10-45/14/98316, 318, AND 420 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC — DUAL PTO

316, 318 AND 420 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC—DUAL PTOA1—TDC Module M2—Starter Motor: X4—Front PTO Switch 3-Pin X17—Headlight HarnessA2—Ignition Module 316 (

Electrical Schematics/Dual PTOTM1590 (17MAY95) 240-10-6 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895240106

ELECTRICAL COMPONENT LOCATION1—Tail Light (2 used) 10—Battery 19—Ignition Coil 27—Starter Motor:2—Seat Switch 11—Positive (+) Battery 20—Condenser 31

STARTING CIRCUIT OPERATIONThe function of the starting circuit is to crank theengine by energizing starter motor (M1). PTOswitches (S2 and S3), transm

A—Starter Solenoid Main S4—Brake Switch: X3—Front PTO Switch 2-Pin X9—Transmission NeutralContact 316 (S.N. 596121— ) Connector Switch 1-Pin Connecto

IGNITION CIRCUIT OPERATIONThe function of the ignition circuit is to produce sparkacross the gap of spark plugs (E1 and E2). Thecircuit is a battery i

A—TDC Ignition Relay C1—Condenser G1—Battery X12—Engine Harness 3-PinContacts (S.N. 420001— ) M1—Starter Motor ConnectorB—TDC Ignition Relay Coil E

PTO CIRCUIT OPERATIONThe function of the PTO circuit is to energize thePTO clutch(es) and turn on the PTO lamp(s). Also,the PTO circuit automatically

A—Time Delay IC (Internal F3—25 Amp Circuit Breaker X3—Front PTO Switch 2-Pin X24—Rear PTO Clutch 1-PinCircuit) G1—Battery Connector Connector (Ground

UNIFIED INCH BOLT AND CAP SCREW TORQUE VALUESGrade 1 Grade 2bGrade 5, 5.1, or 5.2 Grade 8 or 8.2Size LubricatedaDryaLubricatedaDryaLubricatedaDryaLubr

CHARGING CIRUIT OPERATIONThe function of the charging circuit is to keep thebattery properly charged by supplying approximately13.6—14.7 VDC to the ba

A—Battery Discharge Lamp F3—25 Amp Circuit Breaker S1—Key Switch X16—Headlight SwitchControl G1—Battery W1—Engine Ground (See ConnectorA1—Time Delay C

OIL PRESSURE LAMP CIRCUIT OPERATIONB1—Engine Oil Pressure M1—Starter Motor X2—Key Switch 1-Pin X16—Headlight Switch 2-PinSwitch P5—Engine Oil Pressure

ABOUT THIS GROUPAlways perform the system checkout procedures inGroup 05 BEFORE doing any tests in this group. Thestep-by-step procedures in this grou

M78971 -UN-09MAY95Check specific gravityof each cell with ahydrometer.SPECIFIC GRAVITYALL CELLS LESS THAN 1.175: GO TO —@ ALL CELLS MORE THAN

—@ Charge BatteryConnect a variable-ratetype charger to battery.Start charger at a slowrate. Increase chargerate one setting at atime. Check ammeter(

—% Load Test BatteryM36665 -UN-29AUG88Connect JT05685Tester to battery.Follow instructions onback of meter fortesting battery.REPLACE BATTERY

1b 20-Amp PowerCircuit Test at TDCModuleRemove battery base toaccess TDC 8-pinconnector.Set battery on aircleaner cover, thenreroute battery negative

1e Power Circuit Testat Key Switch—Fuse SideTurn key switch to RUNposition.M55141 -UN-09DEC89Check for voltage atkey switch terminal “A”,wher

1h Main PowerCircuitTest at StarterSolenoid—ForEarly Models:316 (SN —362983)318 (SN —364137)420 (SN —360009)NOTE: On LaterModels; Startersolenoid

METRIC CAP SCREW TORQUEVALUES—GRADE 7NOTE: When bolting aluminum parts, tighten to 80% oftorque specified in table.Size N·m (lb-ft)M6 9.5 - 12.2 (7-9)

1k Engine OilPressure LampPower Circuit Test.Turn key switch to RUNposition.M37299 -UN-25JAN90Remove oil pressurelamp socket from panel.Remov

1o Battery DischargeLamp GroundCircuit TestKey switch OFF.M37163 -UN-25JAN90M77932 -UN-19JAN95Check for continuity ofbrown wire (A)be

‘ STARTING CIRCUITTESTSListed at right aresymptoms that mayoccur in amalfunctioning startingcircuit. Locate thesymptom that applies,then proceed to t

2c Starter Test—For Machines:316 (SN 362984— )318 (SN 364138— )420 (SN 360010— )PTO switch OFF.Key switch OFF.Hydrostatic lever inN/STOP position.Par

2f Starter CircuitTest at BrakeSwitch—ForMachines:316 (SN 596121— )318 (SN 600305— )420 (SN 595881— )PTO switch OFF.Hydrostatic lever inN/STOP positi

2h Starter CircuitTest atTransmissionNeutral StartSwitch—ContinuedPTO switch OFF.Move hydrostatic leverto FORWARD position.Turn key switch to RUNposi

2j Starter CircuitTest at PTO SwitchTurn key switch to RUNposition.M55146 -UN-11DEC89Check for voltage atterminal (A) with yellowand purple w

3b Ignition CircuitTest—ForMachines(S.N. —420000)Disconnect spark plugwires and remove sparkplugs.Connect a spark testerto each of the sparkplug wir

3e Ignition Coil Test:SecondaryWindings—For Machines(S.N. —420000)Key switch OFF.Disconnect all wiresfrom ignition coil.M77938 -UN-19JAN95Us

3g Ignition Coil Test:Pimary Windings—For Machines(S.N. 420001— )Key switch OFF.Disconnect all wiresfrom ignition coil.M45244 -UN-12JAN90Usi

SERVICE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR O-RINGBOSS FITTINGSSTRAIGHT FITTING1. Inspect O-ring boss seat for dirt or defects.2. Lubricate O-ring with petroleum jell

3i Ignition ControlModule Test—For Machines(S.N. 420001— )Connect coil wires.Ground spark plugwires.M45246 -UN-12JAN90NOTE: Terminal (A) isl

M78974 -UN-16MAY95Remove blower housing to access gearcasecover timing marks (A) and flywheel timing mark(B).Connect one lead of an ohmmeter o

3k Ignition TimingCheck—For Machines(S.N. 420001— )NOTE: Ignition timing isnot adjustable. If amisfire condition exists,the flywheel key maybe parti

3m Main Power Testfor TDC ModuleTurn key switch to RUNposition.M37173 -UN-25JAN90At both sides of TDC8-pin connector, checkfor voltage at ter

4a PTO Lamp TestRemove battery base toaccess instrumentpanel.Disconnect PTO lampsocket.Remove and checkbulb.M36643 -UN-29AUG88If bulb is good

4d PTO Clutch TestSeparate PTO clutchconnector at right-handside of engine.NOTE: Machines(S.N. —475000)shown. Later machinesuse a 2-pin connector.M3

4i Power CircuitVoltage Test at2-Amp or 3-AmpFuseTurn key switch toRUN position.M55140 -UN-13APR95M77926 -UN-12APR95For machines:316

4m 20-Amp PowerCircuit Test at TDCModuleTurn key switch to RUNposition.M37290 -UN-25JAN90Check for voltage atpink and purple leadsand single

Ò TRANSMISSIONNEUTRAL STARTSAFETY SWITCHTESTKey switch OFF.Put hydrostatic lever inREVERSE position.M45195 -UN-08JAN90With switch arm (A)full

Ü SEAT SWITCH TESTFOR IGNITION TIMEDELAYKey switch OFF.M37289 -UN-25JAN90Check the black leads(A) of the TDC 2-pinconnector for goodground.GO

SERVICE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FLATFACE O-RING SEAL FITTINGS1. Inspect the fitting sealing surfaces. They must be freeof dirt or defects.2. Inspect the O

1! LIGHTING TESTCheck bulbs and20-amp fuse.NOTE: If lights comeon when key switch isin the RUN position,but light switch is inOFF position, replaceli

BEFORE YOU STARTAlways perform the system checkout procedures inGroup 05 and the System Diagnosis in Group 20BEFORE making any tests in this group. Th

Æ STARTER DRAWTESTBefore performingstarter draw test, testbattery. (See BatteryTests B in Group 20of this section.)M37179 -UN-25JAN90Disconne

3a Bendix Starter—No Load RunningTestM37208 -UN-25JAN90Disconnect batteryground cable.Remove starter andmount in a vise.Connect jumper cables

3d Solenoid ShiftStarter—No LoadRunning TestM77935 -UN-17JAN95Disconnect batteryground cable.Remove starter andmount in a vise.Use jumper cab

3f Solenoid ShiftStarter—No LoadAmp Draw TestM77937 -UN-17JAN95Mount starter in a viseand connect to abattery as instructed instep 3dWith st

4a Alternator TestFor UnregulatedOutputM37209 -UN-25JAN90NOTE: The specifications listed in the tablebelow are the approximate maximum VAC ou

4b Stator ResistanceTestKey switch OFF. Stator leadsdisconnected fromregulator.NOTE: Because of the small amount ofresistance in the stator windings,

Ò SYSTEM SHORTCIRCUIT TESTS FOR20-AMP FUSEM55140 -UN-13APR95M77926 -UN-12APR95NOTE: For machines:316 (S.N. —475000)318 (S.N. —47500

Õ SYSTEM SHORTCIRCUIT TESTS FOR2-AMP OR 3-AMPFUSEM55140 -UN-13APR95M77926 -UN-12APR95NOTE: For machines:316 (S.N. —475000)318 (S.N.

TUBE AND HOSE FITTING, 37˚ FLARE AND30˚ CONE SEAT CONNECTOR SERVICERECOMMENDATIONS1. Inspect the flare and the flare seat. They must be freeof dirt an

Electrical System Component Tests and Adjustments/System Short Circuit TestsTM1590 (17MAY95) 240-25-10 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020

Section 250POWER TRAIN CHECKOUT, OPERATIONAND DIAGNOSISContentsPageGroup 05—Power Train CheckoutBefore You Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) 250-2 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895250

BEFORE YOU STARTAlways begin with this group to identify a failure inthe power train. The step-by-step procedures willprovide you with a quick check o

Å NEUTRAL RETURNCHECK318 and 420; Lockpedals together.M36667 -UN-25JAN90M36668 -UN-25JAN90Move hydrostatic leverto full forward orrev

Move hydrostatic leverto full forward position.M36671 -UN-25JAN90Depress left brakepedal.LOOK: Hydrostaticlever must move toslow forward posit

Power Train Checkout/Operator Complaint Not IdentifiedTM1590 (17MAY95) 250-05-4 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895250054

Group 10Theory of OperationTM1590 (17MAY95) 250-10-1 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895250101

HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION OPERATIONFunction:Transfers power from the input (pump) shaft to thegear drive components of the transmission. It alsoprovide

A—Input (Pump) Shaft E—Forward Check H—Hydrostatic Transmission K—Transmission Case DrainB—Variable Hydrostatic (Freewheel) Valve Housing L—Implement

TUBE AND HOSE FITTING, 37˚ FLARE AND 30˚ CONE SEAT CONNECTOR TORQUEThread Torque1New2Used 3Size N·m (lb-ft) Number of Flats Number of Flats3/8-24 UNF

Theory of Operation/Hydrostatic Transmission OperationTM1590 (17MAY95) 250-10-4 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895250104

ABOUT THIS GROUPAlways perform the system checkout procedures inGroup 05 BEFORE making any tests or adjustmentsin this group. The step-by-step procedu

A MACHINE MOVES IN ONE DIRECTION ONLY• Inspect transmission control linkage for wear or damage. See Section 50.• 316 and 318; Test for debris in check

D MACHINE WILL NOT REACH FULL SPEED• Inspect transmission control linkage for wear or damage. See Section 50.• Inspect transmission and differential m

G HYDRAULIC SYSTEM IS NOISY• Check power steering valve, if equipped, or hydraulic control valve for overheating. If either valve is toohot to touch a

‘ CHECK VALVEDEBRIS CHECKEngine OFF.Service park brakeOFF.M49216 -UN-20DEC89316 and 318; EngageManual Push lever (A)and push machineforward t

M36682 -UN-25JAN90A—JT03339 ConnectorB—JT03107 AdapterC—JT03017 HoseD—JT03344 Gauge, 2000kPa (300 psi)IMPORTANT:Hydraulic controllevers must r

Å IMPLEMENT RELIEFVALVE PRESSURETESTNCAUTION: TOAVOID INJURY FROMESCAPINGHYDRAULIC OILUNDER PRESSURE,RELIEVE THEPRESSURE IN THESYSTEM BYSTOPPING THEE

Ö CHARGE PUMPFLOW TESTNCAUTION: TO AVOID INJURY FROMESCAPING HYDRAULIC OIL UNDERPRESSURE, RELIEVE THE PRESSURE IN THESYSTEM BY STOPPING THE ENGINE AN

Õ HYDRAULIC OILWARM-UPPROCEDUREM43008 -UN-18JAN90Remove bellyscreen/pan.Install JDG282Temperature Gauge (A)on transmission oilfilter.Apply pa

TEST AND ADJUSTMENT SPECIFICATIONSItem SpecificationsENGINESpark Plug Gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ü HYDROSTATICLEVER FRICTIONADJUSTMENTEarly models; Removeleft and right engineside panels, battery andbattery base.Later models; Removeright-hand ped

A—Cam Plate C—Lock Nut E—Neutral Slot F—Eccentric NutB—Lock Nut D—Neutral GuideM49211 -UN-07APR95M49225 -UN-04MAY95MX,159025020,30-19-

1¡b Versions One—318 and 420(J-Bolt Style Linkage)NOTE: For Version One—316 andVersion Two—318 (Sliding LeverLinkage): GO TO 1¡a For laterVersions of

420 ShownA—Cam Plate C—Neutral Guide E—Lock Nut F—Eccentric NutB—Lock Nuts D—Neutral SlotM49213 -UN-20DEC89M49226 -UN-04MAY951! NEUTR

M36677 -UN-25JAN90NCAUTION: USE EXTREME CAUTION WHENPERFORMING THIS ADJUSTMENT BECAUSEDRIVE WHEELS ARE FREE TO SPIN ANDDRIVE SHAFT IS CLOSE TO

M51871 -UN-26APR95A—Bolts D—Roller G—Roller I—Swashplate Control ArmB—Bolt E—Eccentric H—Slot J—EccentricC—Cam Plate F—Detent SpringLoosen bol

M51872 -UN-26APR95A—Bolts B—Roller C—Bolt(s) D—PlateLock park brake.Loosen bolt(s) (C). (One bolt on 316 and 318,two bolts on 420).Slide plate

1# TWO-SPEED AXLELEVER LINKAGECHECK (420)M36693 -UN-25JAN90Remove belly pan.Inspect two-speed axlelever linkage formissing pin, brokenspring,

Diagnosis, Tests and Adjustments/Differential Lock Linkage Check (420)TM1590 (17MAY95) 250-15-18 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895250

Section 260STEERING AND BRAKES CHECKOUT,OPERATION AND DIAGNOSISContentsPageGroup 05—Steering And Brakes SystemCheckoutBefore You Start . . . . . . .

Item SpecificationsELECTRICAL SYSTEM, continuedStarter (Solenoid Shift)316 (S.N. 362984— ), 318 (S.N. 364138— ), 420 (S.N. 360010— ) Current Dr

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) 260-2 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895260

BEFORE YOU STARTAlways begin with this group to identify a failure inthe steering system. The step-by-step procedures willprovide you with a quick che

‘ HYDROSTATIC STEERING SYSTEM CHECK (318 AND 420)2a Power SteeringCheckStart engine and run atfull throttle.M49195 -UN-02FEB90Turn steering

Æ SERVICE PARK BRAKE CHECK3a Park Brake LockLever CheckM49000 -UN-08JAN90Depress brake pedal(s)and engage servicepark brake lock.LOOK: Servic

Ö OPERATOR COMPLAINT NOT IDENTIFIEDIf you completed the checkout procedure and didnot isolate a malfunction, the problem may beintermittent.Try to dup

STEERING VALVE/SYSTEMOPERATION—FOUR-PORT VALVEFunction:Supply pressurized oil to the proper side of the steeringcylinder to turn the wheels, when the

STEERING VALVE/SYSTEM OPERATION—FIVE-PORT VALVEFunction:Supply pressurized oil to the proper side of thesteering cylinder to turn the wheels, when the

A—Steering Cylinder C—Steering Valve E—Control Valve Section G—Steering WheelB—Drive Link Assembly D—Centering Springs F—Check Valve H—Fluid Metering

Theory of Operation/Steering Valve/System OperationTM1590 (17MAY95) 260-10-4 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895260104

ABOUT THIS GROUPThe step-by-step procedures in this group provide youwith the detailed diagnostic information you will needto perform a test. Basic di

FUELNCAUTION: Handle fuel carefully. If the engineis hot or running, do not fill the fuel tank. Donot smoke while you fill the fuel tank orservice the

A STEERING WANDER• Check for correct tire size.• Check front tires for incorrect or unequal pressure.• Check for loose or worn steering linkage parts.

D LOST MOTION AT STEERING WHEEL• Check for loose or worn steering linkage.• Check for steering valve loose at mounting.• Bleed hydraulic system: See S

G WHEELS DO NOT HIT STOP• Check for bent steering linkage, cylinder or cylinder rod.H STEERING EFFORT IS ERRATIC• Bleed hydraulic system: See Section

Æ STEERING SYSTEMLEAKAGE TESTHeat hydraulic oil to43˚C (110˚F). See ‘ inthis group.Start engine and run atslow idle.M49198 -UN-20DEC89With wh

Diagnosis, Tests and Adjustments/Steering Valve Leakage TestTM1590 (17MAY95) 260-15-6 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895260156

Section 270HYDRAULIC SYSTEM CHECKOUT,OPERATION AND DIAGNOSISContentsPageGroup 05—Hydraulic System CheckoutBefore You Start . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) 270-2 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895270

BEFORE YOU STARTAlways begin with this group to identify a failure inthe hydraulic system. The step-by-step procedureswill provide you with a quick ch

‘ HYDRAULIC CONTROL VALVE CHECKNOTE: 316; Single lever controls rockshaftcylinder and right-hand front outlets.318 Levers;—Inside lever controls righ

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SCHEMATICSThe hydraulic system schematics on the following pagescan be folded out for use while diagnosing malfunctionsor while repai

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) iii 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895260270299INDX

ENGINE OILUse oil viscosity based on the expected air temperaturerange during the period between oil changes.The following oils are preferred:• John D

HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT SYMBOLSM81419AE -19-19NOV92NX,HYSYM -19-05APR94Hydraulic Schematics/Hydraulic Circuit SymbolsTM1590 (17MAY95) 270-10-2

M81440AE -19-19NOV92NX,HYSYM1 -19-05APR94Hydraulic Schematics/Hydraulic Circuit SymbolsTM1590 (17MAY95) 270-10-3 316, 318 & 420 Lawn a

LEGEND FOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SCHEMATIC—3161—Hydrostatic Transmission 6—Implement Relief Valve 11—Input (Pump) Shaft 14—Hydraulic Control Valve2—Output

LEGEND FOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SCHEMATIC—EARLY 3181—Hydrostatic Transmission 10—Variable Hydrostatic 17—Steering Valve (4-Port) 24—Front Hydraulic2—Outpu

TRANSMISSION AND HYDRAULIC OILUse oil viscosity based on the expected air temperaturerange during the period between oil changes.The following oils ar

LEGEND FOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SCHEMATIC—LATER 3181—Hydrostatic Transmission 10—Variable Hydrostatic 17—Steering Valve (5-Port) 24—Front Hydraulic2—Outpu

LEGEND FOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SCHEMATIC—EARLY 4201—Hydrostatic Transmission 10—Variable Hydrostatic 17—Steering Valve (4-Port) 24—Front Hydraulic2—Outpu

LEGEND FOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SCHEMATIC—LATER 4201—Hydrostatic Transmission 10—Variable Hydrostatic 17—Steering Valve (5-Port) 24—Front Hydraulic2—Outpu

GREASEUse grease based on the expected air temperaturerange during the service interval.The following greases are preferred:• John Deere MOLY HIGH TEM

Hydraulic Schematics/Hydraulic System SchematicsTM1590 (17MAY95) 270-10-14 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors0208952701014

HYDRAULIC LIFT SYSTEMOPERATION—THREE-POSITION SPOOLFunction:To control the flow of pressurized oil to the rockshaftcylinder or implement.Theory of Ope

HYDRAULIC LIFT SYSTEMOPERATION—FOUR-POSITION SPOOLFunction:To control the flow of pressurized oil to the implement.Theory of Operation:NOTE: Float pos

ABOUT THIS GROUPThe step-by-step procedures in this group provide youwith the detailed diagnostic information you will needto perform a test. Basic di

; TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDEIf hydraulic system does not operate properly, select the appropriate symptom from the list below.After selecting the appropria

B LOW OR SLOW HYDRAULIC POWER• Check for dented or restricted lines.• Check for proper engine speed. See Section 220.• Test charge pump pressure. See

E EXCESSIVE HYDRAULIC PUMP NOISE• Bleed hydraulic system. GO TO Ö• Check suction line for air leaks. See Section 250.• Check for worn or damaged charg

‘ HYDRAULIC OILWARM-UPPROCEDUREM43008 -UN-18JAN90Remove bellyscreen/pan.Install JDG282Temperature Gauge (A)on transmission oilfilter.Apply pa

ALTERNATIVE AND SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTSConditions in certain geographical areas may requirelubricant recommendations different from thoseprinted in this

Å CONTROL VALVELEAKAGE TESTNCAUTION: TO AVOID INJURY FROMESCAPING HYDRAULIC OIL UNDERPRESSURE, RELIEVE THE PRESSURE IN THESYSTEM BY STOPPING THE ENGI

4b Models 318 and420M36682 -UN-25JAN90A—JT03339 ConnectorB—JT03107 AdapterC—JT03017 HoseD—JT03345 Gauge20,000 kPa (3,000 psi)Heat hydraulic o

Ö BLEED HYDRAULIC SYSTEMAfter installing a repaired or replacement part, follow this run-in procedure to assure that air is purged fromthe hydraulic s

Section 299DEALER FABRICATED TOOLSContentsPageGroup 00—Dealer Fabricated ToolsDFMX1 Steering Valve Fixture . . . . . . . . 299-00-1DFMX2 Alignment S

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) 299-2 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895299

DFMX1 STEERING VALVE FIXTURESteering valve fixture is used to hold steering valveduring disassemby and assembly procedures.Material required: One piec

Dealer Fabricated Tools/DFMX2 Alignment ShimsTM1590 (17MAY95) 299-00-2 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895299002

PageAAlternator, Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240-25-5BBattery, Charge and Test . . . . . . . . . . . 240-20-1Bleed Hydraulic System . .

PageFront Axle—420Assemble Pivot Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80-05-6Disassemble and Inspect Pivot Pin . . . 80-05-4Install . . . . . . . . .

PageLubricantAlternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-25-5Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-25-5Storage . . .

Fuels and Lubricants/Mixing of LubricantsTM1590 (17MAY95) 10-25-6 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors02089510256

PageSpecificationsMachine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10-1Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-15-1Test and Adj

SERIAL NUMBERSWhen working on machines or components that arecovered by warranty, it is IMPORTANT that you includethe tractor Product Identification N

DIFFERENTIAL SERIAL NUMBERSerial number plate (A) location.M38479 -UN-29AUG88CONTROL VALVE SERIAL NUMBERM38480 -UN-29AUG88MX,15901030,

Section 20ENGINE REPAIRContentsPageGroup 05—EngineRepair—Use CTM2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-05-1Remove and Install . . . . . . . . . . . .

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) 20-2 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors02089520

ONAN ENGINE REPAIR—USE CTM2For complete repair information, the component technicalmanual (CTM) is also required. Use the componenttechnical manual in

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) iv 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895260270299INDX

5. Disconnect items (A—F).6. Disconnect drive shaft at engine.7. Loosen PTO belt tension and remove belts fromengine.8. Remove engine mounting cap scr

Section 40ELECTRICAL REPAIRContentsPageGroup 05—Front PTO ClutchRemove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-05-1Disassemble, Inspect an

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) 40-2 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors02089540

REMOVE FRONT PTO CLUTCH1. Remove grille and right-hand side panel.2. Loosen PTO belt tension and remove belts from PTOclutch sheaves.3. Disconnect PTO

DISASSEMBLE, INSPECT AND ASSEMBLEFRONT PTO CLUTCH1. Inspect armature for bent, weak or broken contactsprings. Replace armature if damaged.2. Inspect r

IMPORTANT: Support the armature assembly on thespring rivets when installingbearing/hub assembly into armatureassembly, or damage to armature andsprin

INSTALL FRONT PTO CLUTCHIMPORTANT: Make sure clutch wire lead is in sameposition as when removed, to preventshorting of wires.1. Install field coil an

7. Put a 0.46 mm (0.018 in.) flat feeler gauge throughslots in brake plate between rotor and armature. Turnlock nuts until space between rotor and arm

Front PTO Clutch/InstallTM1590 (17MAY95) 40-05-6 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors02089540056

Section 50POWER TRAIN REPAIRContentsPageGroup 05—TransmissionOther Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-05-1Service Parts Kits . . . .

FOREWORDThis manual is written for an experienced technician.Essential tools required in performing certain servicework are identified in this manual

ContentsTM1590 (17MAY95) 50-2 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors02089550

OTHER MATERIALNumber Name UseM79292 MPG-2® Multi-Purpose Polymer Prevents parts from seizing. ApplyGrease to splines of transmission inputshaft.®MPG-2

REMOVE AND INSTALL CHARGE PUMP1. Remove fender deck and fuel tank.2. Remove drive shaft. (See procedure in Group 25.)NCAUTION: To avoid injury from es

NOTE: Transmission is removed for photographicpurpose only.4. Remove pin (A). Inspect pin for straightness androunded ends. Replace if necessary.5. In

3. Inspect inner ring key way for damage or shear pindebris.4. Inspect rotor ring (A) for cracks or signs of scoring onthe outer edge.5. Inspect gerot

4. Install new O-ring (B). Apply petroleum jelly to sealand housing to hold O-ring in its groove.5. Install rotor ring (A) and inner ring. The gerotor

REMOVE AND INSTALL IMPLEMENT RELIEFVALVE1. Remove fender deck and fuel tank.2. Remove implement relief valve plug from top oftransmission housing.IMPO

NOTE: There are different versions of the swashplatecontrol arm. Also, attaching swashplate controlarm to the control shaft on transmission isdifferen

NOTE: Steps 9 through 11 are for 420 only. Go to Step12 to continue removal procedures for allmachines.9. Move 2-speed axle shift lever to fast (rabbi

12. Use a floor jack to support transmission and placejack stands under tractor frame.NOTE: Early models have two bolts (A) attachingdifferential to f

JOHN DEERE DEALERSIMPORTANT: Please remove this page and routethrough your service department.This is a complete revision for models 316, 318 and 420f

NOTE: Disconnect brakes on both sides of machine.17. Disconnect spring (A).18. Remove nut (B), plate or washer (D) and spring (C).19. Bend tabs (F) fl

DISASSEMBLE TRANSMISSION COVER1. Thoroughly clean outside surface of transmissionusing a steam cleaner or cleaning solvent.2. Install transmission on

10. Remove O-ring, backup ring (B), and O-ring (A).NOTE: Originally equipped 420 Lawn and GardenTractor transmissions do no have manuallyoperated chec

IMPORTANT: Do not allow internal parts to fall whenremoving center section.16. Put transmission on work bench and remove capscrews, center section and

18. Inspect bearing plates. Bearing plates should be flat,free of all nicks, burrs, scratches and erosion around theports. The bronze metal should sho

2. Inspect cylinder block assemblies.IMPORTANT: Do not interchange pistons betweenmotor and pump cylinder blocks.Pistons and cylinder blocks arematche

5. Inspect both cylinder blocks.Check ball guide area (A) for scoring, wear and damage.Check nine cylinder bores (B) for burrs and scoring.Check lappe

IMPORTANT: Pump shaft and bearing assemblycould restrict movement of swashplate.Full swashplate movement isapproximately 25 mm (1 in.) in eachdirectio

10. Inspect bearing, replace if necessary.IMPORTANT: Be sure to hold shaft while removingbearing.11. Remove bearing using a 1 in. driver disk (A), bea

16. Inspect bearing, replace if necessary.IMPORTANT: Be sure to hold shaft while removingbearing.17. Remove bearing using a 1 in. driver disk (A), bea

Dealer Presentation SheetTM1590 (17MAY95) 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895

6. Push pump shaft into bearing until it is on the shaftshoulder using a 1-in. driver disk (A) bearing pullerattachment and a press.M36130 -UN

ASSEMBLE PUMP AND MOTORIMPORTANT: Do not nick or scratch lapped surfaceof cylinder blocks.Piston-to-Bore relationship need not bemaintained; keep pump

ASSEMBLE TRANSMISSION COVERIMPORTANT: Do not nick or scratch lapped ormachined surfaces of the centersection, valve plates or cylinder block.Keep pump

IMPORTANT: Use extreme care when assembling thecenter section, valve plates andcylinder block to avoid dropping,nicking or scratching lapped surfaces.

8. Install and tighten four pipe plugs.M77334 -UN-21FEB959. Install O-ring (A), backup ring (B) and O-ring. Internalvalve (C) must move freely

13. Install new filter (A).14. Install charge relief valve (C), implement relief valve(D) and charge pump (B). (See procedures in thisgroup.)A—Oil Fil

4. Position differential assembly under tractor.5. On 420; Hold differential lock linkage away fromdifferential using wire, tape, etc.6. Lift and posi

10. Lock brake pedals together (318 and 420) and applypark brake.11. Loosen lock nut (A).12. Turn nut until spring is 42 mm (1.650 in.) long.Tighten l

NOTE: Steps 18 and 19 are for 420 only. Go to Step 20to continue installation procedures for allmachines.18. Connect differential lock linkage (D). In

NOTE: There are different versions of the swashplatecontrol arm. Also, attaching swashplate controlarm to the control shaft on transmission isdifferen

Section 10GENERAL INFORMATIONContentsPageGroup 05—Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-05-1Group 10—General SpecificationsMachine Specificatio

Transmission/Install TransmissionTM1590 (17MAY95) 50-05-30 316, 318 & 420 Lawn and Garden Tractors020895500530

INSPECT AND REPAIR TRANSMISSION CONTROL LINKAGE—VERSION ONE (ALLMODELS)A—Knob F—Bracket K—Guide P—Swashplate ArmB—Clip G—Pin L—Speed Control Rod Q—Wir

INSPECT AND REPAIR TRANSMISSION CONTROL LINKAGE—VERSION TWO (316 AND318)A—Knob F—Compression Spring K—Spacer P—Cap Screw (Later Models)B—Clip G—Fricti

INSPECT AND REPAIR TRANSMISSION CONTROL LINKAGE—VERSION TWO (420)A—Knob F—Bracket K—Guide P—Cap Screw (Later Models)B—Clip G—Pin L—Speed Control Rod Q

INSPECT AND REPAIR TRANSMISSION CONTROL LINKAGE—VERSION THREE (ALLMODELS)A—Knob G—Torsional Dampener M—Pivot Pin R—Cap ScrewB—Clip H—Bracket N—Adjusta

INSPECT AND REPAIR TRANSMISSION CONTROL LINKAGE—VERSION FOUR (ALLMODELS)A—Knob H—Speed Control Link N—Ball Bearing T—Cap ScrewB—Clip I—Angle Bracket O

INSPECT AND REPAIR DIFFERENTIAL LOCK AND TWO-SPEED CONTROL LINKAGE(420)A—Pin D—Knob G—Rear Angle Bracket J—KnobB—Spring E—Stud Extension H—Two-Speed B

OTHER MATERIALNumber Name UseLOCTITE® PRODUCTSU.S./Canadian/LOCTITE No.TY6305/TY9485/764 Clean and Cure Primer Cleans parts and speeds cure ofsealant.

REMOVE AND INSTALL DIFFERENTIAL1. Remove transmission (D). (See procedure in Group05.)2. Remove both axles (B). (See procedure in Group 20.)3. Remove

NOTE: Early models have FLAT thrust washers. Latermodels have TABBED thrust washers. All serviceor replacement thrust washers will have the tabs.IMPOR